FOCUS 01Invention disclosures and ownership
Disclosure governance clarifies when research outputs are reported, who assesses contributions and how employment, grant, student or visitor arrangements intersect. Ownership varies by institution and applicable law and should be checked against the actual policies.
FOCUS 02TTO pipeline and royalty models
A technology-transfer pipeline can score technical readiness, reproducibility, competing methods, protectability, market access and partner interest. Royalty, equity or milestone structures should be understood as alternative deal models rather than one preferred formula.
FOCUS 03Sponsor and industry agreements
Sponsored research and industry agreements require transparent distinctions among background IP, improvements, publication timing, confidentiality, data sharing, material transfer and option rights. Decisions should support researchers while preserving legitimate sponsor interests.